欧州アクセシビリティ法
last update:20130613
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-In 2010, poverty was 70% more likely for persons with disabilities than for those with low education and employment levels. In 2008,
the employment rate for people aged between 15-64 years who were severely limited in their activities was 26%, compared to 65% for non-disabled people.(Ahtonen and Pardo, 2012)
◎United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2010
“take appropriate measures to ensure to persons with disabilities access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transportation, to information and communications, including information and communications technologies and systems, and to other facilities and services open or provided to the public, both in urban and in rural areas” (Article 9).
◎欧州経済戦略「欧州2020」
欧州委員会は、2010年3月、今後10年間の欧州経済戦略「欧州2020（EUROPE 2020--A European strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth）」を発表した。同戦略において、欧州委員会は、成長のための3つの要素（賢い成長、持続可能な成長、包摂的成長）を挙げ、EU並びに各国家のレベルでの具体的な行動を通じて取り組むべき主な成長促進課題を提示している。この3大成長の実現のために、「5大目標」（雇用、R&D、環境、教育、貧困）が設定されており、更に5大目標の実現手段として、7つの「最重要イニシアチブ」が設定された。同イニシアチブのうち、「欧州デジタル・アジェンダ」（The Digital Agenda for Europe）がICT分野に対応している。（平成23年度版『情報通信白書』第3部第4章 EU諸国の情報通信政策の動向）
◎欧州デジタル・アジェンダ（The Digital Agenda for Europe）
2010年5月、欧州委員会は、「欧州デジタル・アジェンダ（The Digital Agenda for Europe）」の行動計画を公表。
その中には
Action 63: Evaluate accessibility in legislation
Action 64: Ensure the accessibility of public sector websites
Action 65: Helping disabled people to access content
といった目標が設定されている。 （http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda/en/our-goals/pillar-vi-enhancing-digital-literacy-skills-and-inclusion）
◎欧州障害戦略
2010年11月、欧州委員会は、欧州経済戦略に続き「欧州障害戦略（European Disability Strategy 2010/2020）」を公表。これは、国連障害者権利条約（CRPD）の下、2004年〜2010年まで欧州で実施されたDisability Action Plan (2004-2010) を受けて作られた条約である。
この戦略には８つの優先事項（アクセシビリティ、参加、平等、雇用、教育と訓練、社会防衛、健康、対外活動）が設定されており、その第一に挙げられている「アクセシビリティ」にむけた取り組みとして、2013年夏に欧州アクセシビリティ法（European Accessibility Act）」成立する予定である。（http://ec.europa.eu/justice/discrimination/disabilities/disability-strategy/index_en.htm）
（ＥＵホームページより）
1. Accessibility : make goods and services accessible to people with disabilities and promote the market of assistive devices.
2. Participation : ensure that people with disabilities enjoy all benefits of EU citizenship; remove barriers to equal participation in public life and leisure activities; promote the provision of quality community-based services.
3. Equality : combat discrimination based on disability and promote equal opportunities.
4. Employment : raise significantly the share of persons with disabilities working in the open labour market.
5. Education and training : promote inclusive education and lifelong learning for students and pupils with disabilities.
6. Social protection : promote decent living conditions, combat poverty and social exclusion.
7. Health : promote equal access to health services and related facilities.
8. External action : promote the rights of people with disabilities in the EU enlargement and international development programmes.
◎2013年夏 欧州アクセシビリティ法（European Accessibility Act）」成立予定
（Ahtonen and Pardo, 2012より）
-So far the EU's legal framework has promoted accessibility as a human right, but as shown below, this has not produced sufficient results. The European Accessibility Act must complement the legal framework with measures to support the creation of a market for accessible goods and services, which would be a positive development.
-So far the EU has passed 18 legal acts which promote accessibility
-However, it will presumably aim to complement existing national legislation by providing a clearer meaning and a legal framework for regulation of accessible goods and services. It is expected to aim to address the lack of accessible goods and services, and use the single market as a legal basis for action.
-This is a global market, and it is in the interest of business to develop solutions that can be used globally. Doing so would significantly benefit all stakeholders.
-The US has done a lot of work on accessibility and already has a large market for accessible products and services.
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青木 千帆子