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Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family

[いまこそ完全なる代理出産を――家族に抗するフェミニズム]

Lewis, Sophie 2019/05 Verso, 224p.

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■Lewis, Sophie, 2019, Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family[いまこそ完全なる代理出産を――家族に抗するフェミニズム], London: Verso, 224p. ISBN-10: 1786637294 ISBN-13: 978-1786637291 £14.99 [amazon][kinokuniya]

■内容

◆出版社(Verso)の書籍紹介ページ
 https://www.versobooks.com/books/2951-full-surrogacy-now

――Where pregnancy is concerned, let every pregnancy be for everyone. Let us overthrow, in short, the “family”[こと妊娠に関しては、すべての妊娠があらゆる人に対してあるようにさせよ。詰まるところ、私たちに「家族」を壊させよ。]――

 The surrogacy industry is estimated to be worth over $1 billion a year, and many of its surrogates around the world work in terrible conditions―deception, wage-stealing and money skimming are rife; adequate medical care is horrifyingly absent; and informed consent is depressingly rare. In Full Surrogacy Now, Sophie Lewis brings a fresh and unique perspective to the topic. Often, we think of surrogacy as the problem, but, Full Surrogacy Now argues, we need more surrogacy, not less!
 Rather than looking at surrogacy through a legal lens, Lewis argues that the needs and protection of surrogates should be put front and center. Their relationship to the babies they gestate must be rethought, as part of a move to recognize that reproduction is productive work. Only then can we begin to break down our assumptions that children “belong” to those whose genetics they share. Taking collective responsibility for children would radically transform our notions of kinship, helping us to see that it always takes a village to make a baby.

◇推薦文:Donna Haraway[ダナ・ハラウェイ]

■目次

Acknowledgments …… vii
Introduction …… 1 (29)
"But Aren't You Against It?" …… 30 (27)
The World's (Other) Oldest Profession …… 57 (27)
Dr. Patel Leans In …… 84 (26)
"She Did It for the Money" …… 110 (31)
Another Surrogacy Is Possible …… 141 (19)
Amniotechnics …… 160 (9)
Note on Reproduction of Material …… 169 (2)
Notes …… 171 (36)
Index …… 207

■書評・紹介

◇Suzelis, Natalie, 2021, "Surrogacy, Value, and Social Reproduction: A Review of Full Surrogacy Now", Mediations: Journal of the Marxist Literary Group, 34(2)[Spring 2021]: 117-122, (https://mediationsjournal.org/articles/lewis-review).
“Lewis’s book sparked a fire among her readers, intervening in Marxist value theory and accounts of social reproduction by arguing that the communization of care is the best way to rid ourselves of the value production of global capitalism. Yet Lewis ultimately distances herself from the elevation of reproductive labor to the realm of capitalist value by arguing that full surrogacy would entail building a world beyond profit-driven care industries, the heteronormative nuclear family, and the value-producing system of capital itself. It is worth returning to this book as the family becomes ever more present in debates around climate, refugee, and migrant struggles, for, as Lewis reminds us, the family is a primary vehicle of exclusion, dispossession, and enclosure within the global capitalist economy.”
◇Murray, Órla Meadhbh, 2020, "Book Review: Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family by Sophie Lewis", LSE Review of Books, August 7, 2020, (https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2020/08/07/book-review-full-surrogacy-now-feminism-against-family-by-sophie-lewis/).
“Lewis does a difficult job well, challenging some of the most emotive beliefs about parenthood and reproductive biology in a clear and accessibly written way. While some of the technical specifics might be difficult, they are worth grappling with. This book is a must-read for those interested in queer feminist engagements with family, reproductive labour and global class relations. This is the book you didn’t know you needed. Read it and let’s imagine different constellations of care, love and family beyond the conservative restraint of supposed biology.”
◇Lewis, Sophie (interviewed by Morgane Merteuil), 2019, "Gestational Decrim", Salvage, November 8, 2019, (https://salvage.zone/articles/gestational-decrim/).
“In a just society, in other words, there could be no ‘surrogacy,’ because children would not be exclusive goods. We are the makers of one another, and we could learn to act like it. So, surrogates to the front! It is the holders ― not the delusional ‘authors’, self-replicators, and ‘patenters’ ― who truly people the world. By surrogates I mean all those comradely gestators, midwives, and other sundry interveners in the more slippery moments of social reproduction: bridging or creating gaps; refusing to be temporary; insisting on being temporary; swimming across borders; standing in; carrying; miscarrying. I call ‘amniotechnics’ the art of holding and caring even while being ripped into, at the same time as being held. Amniotechnics is protecting water and protecting people from water in the spirit of ‘full surrogacy’ ― an impossible, necessary lodestar.”

◇Lennard, Natasha, 2019, "[Interviews] Bookforum talks with Sophie Lewis", Bookforum, May 15, 2019, (https://www.bookforum.com/interviews/bookforum-talks-with-sophie-lewis-21953).
Lewis offers a searing critique of the surrogacy industry under philanthro-capitalism and the nauseating myths that surround it. In this sense, Full Surrogacy Now is a pragmatic call for worker solidarity. But the book’s intervention is in pairing this demand with a utopian challenge to put “full surrogacy” into practice and to wage an attack on the system of kinship-as-property―to consider how, as Maggie Nelson put it, “labor does you,” and to rethink how we might all become surrogates, with and for each other.
◇Ho, Rosemarie, 2019, "Want to Dismantle Capitalism? Abolish the Family"[資本主義を解体したい?――なら家族を終わらせること], The Nation, May 16, 2019, (https://www.thenation.com/article/want-to-dismantle-capitalism-abolish-the-family/).
“ルイスは家族の廃絶と妊娠そのものの根本的な再概念化を明確に結び付ける。子どもを出産するという行為は、仕事――それは長らく搾取され、学問の世界から見落とされてきた労働――であること、そしてマザリングも同様であることを主張する。”
◇London Review Bookshop, 2019, "Full Surrogacy Now: Sophie Lewis and Joanna Biggs", May 30, 2019, (https://www.londonreviewbookshop.co.uk/events/past/2019/5/full-surrogacy-now-sophie-lewis-and-joanna-biggs). *Podcast
◇Lewis, Sophie, 2019, "Amniotechnics: Sophie Lewis on Water as a Guiding Figure for Radical Kinship", Tank Magazine, (https://tankmagazine.com/tank/2019/06/full-surrogacy-now/).
“Our wateriness is our surrogacy. It is the bed of our bodies' overlap and it is, not necessarily ― but possibly ― a source of radical kinship.”
◇Lewis, Sophie, 2019, "Pregnancy and the Handmaid Dystopia" Verso Blog, June 4, 2019, (https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4310-pregnancy-and-the-handmaid-dystopia).
“Sophie Lewis offers a critique of surrogacy as it is described in Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale.”
◇Wark, McKenzie; Gleeson, Jules Joanne; Lennard, Natasha; Lewis, Sophie, 2019, "Full Surrogacy Now: a mini-symposium" Verso Blog, June 4, 2019, (https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4337-full-surrogacy-now-a-mini-symposium).
“On gestational communism and radical kinship: McKenzie Wark, Jules Joanne Gleeson and Natasha Lennard respond to Full Surrogacy Now by Sophie Lewis”
◇Verso Books, 2019, "Full Surrogacy Now | Sophie Lewis", Verso Blog, June 4, 2019, (https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4342-full-surrogacy-now-sophie-lewis).
“In these videos, Sophie Lewis offers a radical feminist analysis of surrogacy, abortion, gestational labour, and the family. She is the author of Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family.”
◇Caplan-Bricker, Nora, 2019, "Choose Your Own Family: Would the World Be a Better Place If We Raised Children Collectively?", The New Republic, June 4, 2019, (https://newrepublic.com/article/154046/choose-family).
“To dismantle capitalism, Lewis argues that we need “gestational communism”―a world in which babies are “universally thought of as anybody and everybody’s responsibility, ‘belonging’ to nobody,” and in which baby-making is “distributed and made to realize collective needs and desires.” In such a future, biological kinship would be replaced by devotion to “kith and kind,” and we would finally see that we are all responsible for one another.”
◇Verso Books(@VersoBooks)
“Capitalist states rely heavily on the family as a unit of social discipline, social order, and austerity. In this video @reproutopia looks at family abolition as a proliferation of relationships of care, not a destruction of the relationships we already have【映像】”
[2019年6月6日20:43 https://twitter.com/VersoBooks/status/1136599491597914113
◇Lane-McKinley, Madeline, 2019, "Unthinking the Family in "Full Surrogacy Now"", Los Angeles Review of Books, June 10, 2019, (https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/unthinking-the-family-in-full-surrogacy-now/).
“These more practical moments are gestures throughout Full Surrogacy Now toward what is not-yet-conceivable, all with a built-in sense of urgency, potentiality, and familiar sorrow.”
◇Griffiths, Kate Doyle, 2019, "Every Surrogate Can Govern: Beyond the Family with Sophie Lewis' "Full Surrogacy Now"", Regeneration Magazine, June 18, 2019, (https://regenerationmag.org/every-surrogate-can-govern-beyond-the-family-with-sophie-lewis-full-surrogacy-now/).
“"Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family (FSN)" was released by Verso on May 7th, and there is no doubt that it is already a provocation to Marxists and feminists and to the Marxist-feminist canon.”
◇Regeneration Magazine Editorial Team, 2019, "Podcast: A Discussion on Marxist Transfeminist & Queer Theories of Social Reproduction", Regeneration Magazine, June 18, 2019, (https://regenerationmag.org/podcast-a-discussion-on-marxist-transfeminist-queer-theories-of-social-reproduction/).
“Angela Eslava, CUNY student and activist, interviews three writers on gender about the Marxist transfeminist view on skirts and strikes! Andrea Long Chu's "On Liking Women," as an entre to transfeminism and femininity. Not to be missed as an introduction to the new Queer theory of Social Reproduction, always eschewing the basic.”
 *Tagged With: Full Surrogacy Now, Marxism,[…], Social Reproduction, Transfeminism, Verso
◇Wang, Esther, 2019, "Rethinking Surrogacy", Jezebel, July 2, 2019, (https://jezebel.com/rethinking-surrogacy-1835992155).
“In a subsequent interview, Haynes continued to sing the praises of surrogacy. Before becoming the surrogate for Kardashian and West, she had already been a surrogate once before. “Surrogacy is a very positive movement to make, despite what others may think,” she said.”
◇Marso, Lori Jo, 2019, "Find Our Mothers", Los Angeles Review of Books, July 18, 2019, (https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/find-our-mothers/).
"Sophie Lewis, in Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family, answers with a rousing utopian call for the abolition of the family. But when we abolish the family, where do we find our mothers? Can a new form of kinship survive the end of patriarchy?"
◇Turner, Jenny, 2020, "Nothing Natural", London Review of Books, 42(2), January 23, 2020, (https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v42/n02/jenny-turner/nothing-natural).
“As Lewis writes, it does seem mad that the countries with ‘plummeting’ birthrates are also the ones ‘prone to complaining about the very “migrant crisis” that is saving them from demographic decline’. ‘Somehow ... the “objectively” crowded earth ... is always imagined “out there”. And it is this anxious fantasy that is literalised in Atwood’s sterility apocalypse.’ Surely lower than replacement birthrates in rich countries only make it easier and more necessary for such countries to open their borders to everybody who might want to come in? ‘Reproductive justice and water justice are inseparable ... Surrogates to the front!’”
◇Solis, Marie, 2020, "We Can't Have a Feminist Future Without Abolishing the Family", VICE, February 21, 2020, (https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qjdzwb/sophie-lewis-feminist-abolishing-the-family-full-surrogacy-now).
“In many ways, Lewis shows us, the family has already been abolished. At the same time, the “open-source, fully collaborative gestation” she imagines remains on a distant horizon. Riffing on a famous quote from the philosopher Fredric Jameson, Lewis considers that “if it is easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism, it is perhaps easier still to imagine the end of capitalism than the end of the family.”|Nonetheless, Lewis sees glimmers of this future everywhere. When she is surrounded by her partner and her friends, she sees that she is “mothered by many.” They are not her biological relatives, but they are each other’s kin in an even truer sense: They have chosen to care for each other without the dictates of the nuclear family structure. In Lewis’ feminist utopia, family has not vanished; it has become more wild, more abundant, and less constrained.”

■引用


■音声データ

◇“Full Surrogacy Now: Feminism Against Family, by Sophie Lewis”(2021-08-23)
 https://archive.org/details/full-surrogacy-now-sophie-lewis

■言及

◆滋賀県立大学人間文化学部2019年度前期科目《家族論》
「産むこと、“母[はは]する”ことをつかみ直す――資本主義と性/愛/家族、その先の地平」(担当:村上潔)
["Re-grasping the Birthing and 'Mothering': Capitalism and Sex/Love/Family, and the Horizon Beyond Them" as a Class of "Theories of Family" (The First Semester of the 2019 Academic Year) at School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture.]
◆立命館大学産業社会学部2019年度秋学期科目《比較家族論(S)》
「マザリング[Mothering]の現在――をめぐる議論と実践の動向」(担当:村上潔)
["The Present of 'Mothering': The Trend of Arguments and Practices about It" as a Class of "Comparative Analysis of the Family (S)" (The Second Semester of the 2019 Academic Year) at College of Social Sciences, Ritsumeikan University.]

■関連

◇Sophie Lewis - Brooklyn Institute for Social Research
 https://thebrooklyninstitute.com/people/sophie-lewis/
◇《Abolishing the Family with Sophie Lewis》
March 23, 2022 (Wednesday), 19:00−20:00 GMT / via Zoom
Organized by Glasgow Zine Library
https://www.glasgowzinelibrary.com/events/2022/23/03/abolishing-the-family
“In this session, Sophie Lewis will introduce the politics of family abolition as a way of thinking about the future of care as a collective practice.”
◇Lewis, Sophie, 2020, "Collective Turn-off", Mal, 5 (Sex Negative), August, 2020, (https://maljournal.com/5/sex-negative/sophie-lewis/collective-turn-off/).
◇Lewis, Sophie, 2019, "The Satanic Death-Cult Is Real", Commune, August 8, 2019, (https://communemag.com/the-satanic-death-cult-is-real/).
◇Lewis, Sophie A., 20171101, "Open Space: Less 'Population' Talk, more Kin-Making: On Manchester's Birth Festival", Feminist Review 117 (1): 193-199. (https://doi.org/10.1057/s41305-017-0084-5)


*作成:村上 潔MURAKAMI Kiyoshi
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