Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy
Rawls, John; ed. by Freeman, Samuel 200703 Harvard University Press， 476p.
■Rawls, John; ed. by Freeman, Samuel 200703 Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy， Harvard University Press， 476p. ISBN-10: 0674024923 ISBN-13: 978-0674024922 US$ 35.00 ［amazon］
■出版社/著者からの内容紹介
This last book by the late John Rawls, derived from written lectures and notes for his long-running course on modern political philosophy, offers readers an account of the liberal political tradition from a scholar viewed by many as the greatest contemporary exponent of the philosophy behind that tradition.
Rawls's goal in the lectures was, he wrote, "to identify the more central features of liberalism as expressing a political conception of justice when liberalism is viewed from within the tradition of democratic constitutionalism." He does this by looking at several strands that make up the liberal and democratic constitutional traditions, and at the historical figures who best represent these strands--among them the contractarians Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau; the utilitarians Hume, Sidgwick, and J. S. Mill; and Marx regarded as a critic of liberalism. Rawls's lectures on Bishop Joseph Butler also are included in an appendix. Constantly revised and refined over three decades, Rawls's lectures on these figures reflect his developing and changing views on the history of liberalism and democracy--as well as how he saw his own work in relation to those traditions.
With its clear and careful analyses of the doctrine of the social contract, utilitarianism, and socialism--and of their most influential proponents--this volume has a critical place in the traditions it expounds. Marked by Rawls's characteristic patience and curiosity, and scrupulously edited by his student and teaching assistant, Samuel Freeman, these lectures are a fitting final addition to his oeuvre, and to the history of political philosophy as well.
■目次
Introduction Remarks on Political Philosophy
LECTURES ON HOBBES
LECTURE Ⅰ Hobbes's Secular Moralism and the Role of His Social Contract
LECTURE Ⅱ Human Nature and the State of Nature
LECTURE Ⅲ Hobbes's Account of Practical Reasoning
LECTURE Ⅳ The Role and Powers of the Sovereign
APPENDIX Hobbes Index
LECTURES ON LOCKE
LECTURE Ⅰ His Doctrine of Natural Law
LECTURE Ⅱ His Account of a Legitimate Regime
LECTURE Ⅲ Property and the Class State
LECTURES ON HUME
LECTURE Ⅰ "Of the Original Contract"
LECTURE Ⅱ Utility, Justice, and the Judicious Spectator
LECTURES ON ROUSSEAU
LECTURE Ⅰ The Social Contract: Its Problem
LECTURE Ⅱ The Social Contract: Assumptions and the General Will (I)
LECTURE Ⅲ The General Will (II) and the Question of Stability
LECTURES ON MILL
LECTURE Ⅰ His Conception of Utility
LECTURE Ⅱ His Account of Justice
LECTURE Ⅲ The Principle of Liberty
LECTURE Ⅳ His Doctrine as a Whole
APPENDIX Remarks on Mill's Social Theory
LECTURES ON MARX
LECTURE Ⅰ His View of Capitalism as a Social System
LECTURE Ⅱ His Conception of Right and Justice
LECTURE Ⅲ His Ideal: A Society of Freely Associated Producers
APPENDIXES
Four Lectures on Henry Sidgwick
LECTURE Ⅰ Sidgwick's Methods of Ethics
LECTURE Ⅱ Sidgwick on Justice and on the Classical Principle of Utility
LECTURE Ⅲ Sidgwick's Utilitarianism
LECTURE Ⅳ Summary of Utilitarianism
Five Lectures on Joseph Butler
LECTURE Ⅰ The Moral Constitution of Human Nature
LECTURE Ⅱ The Nature and Authority of Conscience
LECTURE Ⅲ The Economy of the Passions
LECTURE Ⅳ Butler's Argument against Egoism
LECTURE Ⅴ Supposed Conflict between Conscience and Self-Love
APPENDIX Additional Notes on Butler
Course Outline
■書評･言及
◆After the publication of A Theory of Justice in 1971, Rawls (1921-2002) became the most influential moral and political philosopher in the Western world. As such, the issuing of this posthumous volume, carefully edited by [Samuel] Freeman, a former student and teaching assistant from Rawls's courses at Harvard University, is a major event.
――David Gordon, Library Journal.
◆Rawls was a dedicated and remarkably winning teacher, deeply admired by generations of grateful Harvard University pupils. Reading Lectures you can see why. The tone throughout is unassuming but assured, the purpose consistently to make clear, to get into steady common view what he took to be the key issues in the grand texts that he chose to explore. There is something soothing and encouraging about being guided through the works of Hobbes and Locke, Hume and J. S. Mill, Henry Sidgwick and Bishop Butler--and even Karl Marx--in these calm and measured tones...There is much quiet pleasure to be drawn from these pages, as well as a great deal of instruction about the terms in which Rawls came to frame his own ethical conceptions and the secular liberalism he believed them to imply. Anyone seriously interested in the development of Rawls's thinking and his sense of the relations between his approach and those of major predecessors in the history of Anglophone liberalism will find the insight it provides on numerous points indispensable.
――John Dunn, Times Higher Education Supplement.
◆While many contemporary philosophers have deliberately shunned the history of political philosophy as irrelevant to "doing" philosophy, Rawls shows himself to be a conscientious and painstaking reader of the great works of the philosophical tradition of which he was a part. He regarded his own work as both indebted to and as culminating the great tradition that he interprets for his readers.
――Steven B. Smith, New York Sun.
◆John Rawls is perhaps the most influential Western political philosopher of the twentieth century. The late Harvard philosopher's 1971 A Theory of Justice is often credited with bestowing that title upon him. In that book he drew on the works of John Locke and Immanuel Kant, among others, to criticize utilitarian theory and defend an egalitarian version of political liberalism. This volume draws together his Harvard lectures on political philosophy and liberalism, providing his insights and interpretations of Locke and Kant, as well as Thomas Hobbes, David Hume, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and others. In these lectures Rawls reveals how he interpreted these philosophers both in light of their historical circumstances and problems they were trying to address, and also in light of contemporary political debates.
――D. Schultz, Choice.
◆A definitive and magnificent version of Rawls's teachings on the history of political philosophy...The distinction between the rational and the reasonable runs through these lectures, and through all of Rawls's writings. Its importance signals one essential task that political philosophy should assume even in a democratic age: democracies cannot long endure, however high-sounding the principles they profess, unless their citizens learn to love and to practice the civic virtues of fairness and open discussion that alone can make these principles a reality...Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy shows us a Rawls keenly aware of the historical underpinnings of his own theoretical constructions...His Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy complement more systematic works such as A Theory of Justice. They make plain how the careful analysis of the insights and the limitations of his predecessors helped him to fashion many of the elements of his own political thought...Rawls's writing is at its most powerful when he thus casts aside his contractual scaffolding and speaks directly to our political conscience. Then he impels us to see more clearly than before the moral substance of the democratic ideal. He shows us in an exemplary way how philosophy can be democratic.
――Charles Larmore, The New Republic.
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