Fair Division and Collective Welfare
Moulin, Herve 200409 MIT Press，295p.
■Moulin, Herve 200409 Fair Division and Collective Welfare，MIT Press，295p. (ペーパーバック版) ISBN-10: 0262633116 ISBN-13: 978-0262633116 2532 ［amazon］
■出版社/著者からの内容紹介
The concept of fair division is as old as civil society itself. Aristotle's "equal treatment of equals" was the first step toward a formal definition of distributive fairness. The concept of collective welfare, more than two centuries old, is a pillar of modern economic analysis. Reflecting fifty years of research, this book examines the contribution of modern microeconomic thinking to distributive justice. Taking the modern axiomatic approach, it compares normative arguments of distributive justice and their relation to efficiency and collective welfare. The book begins with the epistemological status of the axiomatic approach and the four classic principles of distributive justice: compensation, reward, exogenous rights, and fitness. It then presents the simple ideas of equal gains, equal losses, and proportional gains and losses. The book discusses three cardinal interpretations of collective welfare: Bentham's "utilitarian" proposal to maximize the sum of individual utilities, the Nash product, and the egalitarian leximin ordering. It also discusses the two main ordinal definitions of collective welfare: the majority relation and the Borda scoring method. The Shapley value is the single most important contribution of game theory to distributive justice. A formula to divide jointly produced costs or benefits fairly, it is especially useful when the pattern of externalities renders useless the simple ideas of equality and proportionality. The book ends with two versatile methods for dividing commodities efficiently and fairly when only ordinal preferences matter: competitive equilibrium with equal incomes and egalitarian equivalence. The book contains a wealth of empirical examples and exercises.
■目次
1. Microeconomic Foundations
2. Fair Distribution
3. Cardinal Welfarism
4. Voting and Social Choice
5. The Shapley Value
6. Managing the Commons
7. Fair Trade and Fair Division
8. A Glossary of Definitions and Results
＊作成：坂本徳仁