【資料】イギリスにおけるジェントリフィケーションをめぐる最近の動向の紹介（2022/02/09）

■本資料について

■最近の記事から――ロンドンのラテン・ヴィレッジの事例を中心に

“First they came for London, now their sights are set on the north.”

“【Caption】‘The Palace’ and ‘Élefan’ were shown at Draper Hall for an event to mark Elephant Mall closure”

“【Quot.】Vicky Alvarez is on the phone, describing her local market in Seven Sisters, London. It may sound overly sentimental but it’s hard to comprehend just how integral this market really is to her.｜That’s because for Vicky, the market known locally as Pueblito Paisa, is considered Tottenham’s Latin Village ― the UK’s only Latin American indoor market ― and has become a home away from her former home, Colombia, where she was violently forced to flee from in 1990.”

“【Exordium】Plans to bulldoze council homes will be put on pause under proposals to review an estate revamp so it offers more affordable housing.｜Wandsworth council’s new Labour administration said the number of council homes previously proposed for the Alton Estate in Roehampton was “simply not enough”.”

“Grow Tottenham was evicted this Monday ― but one community group is squatting in protest”

“【Caption】A decade after the London 2012 Olympics, when gentrification swept across much of Newham, the future of the Hibiscus Community Centre is under threat.”

“【Caption】Homegrown in Tottenham has been evicted with barely two months notice”／“【Exordium】A community group is being evicted from its space in Tottenham Hale, as property developers prepare to build on the site.｜Homegrown in Tottenham has run a community kitchen, food bank and Saturday school from a meanwhile-use project called Grow Tottenham since 2018. They provide advocacy and advice to those who need it, assisting with application forms and appeals from the site in Ashley Road, N17. Throughout August, Homegrown hosted a weekly summer school, including a film club, pop-up classroom and cookery lessons. During the cost of living crisis, it has proved an invaluable resource for those on a low-income in particular.”

“【Caption】MyLondon was present as bailiffs tried to evict several local businesses from a site a developer wants to build a 12-storey tower”

“【Caption】Campaigners in Manchester say citizens’ rights to the river ‘should not be sacrificed for private gain’”

“【Caption】Families in multimillion-pound One Tower Bridge development told games ‘breached tenancy agreements’”

“【Caption】Lewisham Council intends to demolish their homes”

“【Introduction】The provision of affordable housing in some of the poorest parts of London after the 2012 Olympics has fallen far short of pledges made, the BBC has found.”

“【Caption】At least 30,000 people in England have waited a decade or longer for social housing, with two year waits now the norm in some areas.”

“【Caption】Winner of the Dawn Foster Memorial Essay Prize: From a 1950s estate on the outskirts of Leeds, Jessica Field charts a community under threat and the stresses of activism on the frontlines of the housing crisis”／“【引用】SaveOurHomesLS26 has been a ‘success’ of sorts, as the campaign has retained media and Council attention for four years. Yet, residents are still on the cliff edge of homelessness. My parents are exhausted from the fight to stay in their beloved rented home. So are their neighbours. Calls for ‘more’ or ‘louder’ activism neglects consideration of who is often forced into campaigning, and the deep toll it can take on their lives on top of the crisis at hand ― especially when the chances of winning are so slim.”

“【Caption】After so many other Olympic sites ended up left to rot, London 2012 was supposed to be different. But who has really benefited from this orgy of development?”

“【Exordium】Less than 50 new council homes were built last year in a South London borough where over 10,000 people are in need of a home. Figures from Lewisham Council reports reveal a total of 46 homes available to rent at the cheapest prices were completed between 2020 and 2021.”

“【Caption】The Secured by Design initiative is damaging British cities, robbing them of greenery and public amenities while promoting fear”

“【Caption】Many small businesses will be forced to relocate if the High Road West redevelopment goes ahead”／“Local enterprises, some of which have been run by the same family for generations, say their futures are at risk from the £1billion High Road West development ― a plan to build thousands of homes on sites opposite Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.｜Slamming the plans as “gentrification”, they claim alternative proposals, which would allow them to stay in the area, have not been properly considered.”

“【Caption】Developers will help Pricebusters cover relocation costs after the Elephant Shopping Centre was demolished. Yet the owner says this is not enough.”

“【Caption】SPECIAL REPORT: In 2018, 2019 and 2020 the M.E.N. revealed the plight faced by rocketing numbers of homeless Mancunian families. The situation now feels increasingly out of control, raising deeper questions about the city’s future”／“There is more than one parallel to be drawn between Manchester and London in recent years, from the soaring central skyline to the city’s growing status on the national political stage. But perhaps the most striking is its housing crisis.｜Those on lower incomes here face a perfect storm. As rates of housing benefit for private sector tenants have been largely frozen, cut or capped by government, the city around them has become the poster-child for northern economic renaissance, pushing rents beyond their reach.”

“It might even have looked to inspiring experiments in London itself, such as the proposed community-led redevelopment of the Latin Village in Seven Sisters, north London ― recently endorsed by the council after a major developer pulled out ― for fresh thinking on how to build “beautiful new neighbourhoods” that empower people rather than exclude them.｜If “levelling up” is to mean anything, it has to be the start of a national debate about who does well in the UK economy and how we can rewire it to spread prosperity more fairly. Without this, all that will be levelled up are the profit margins of a select few.”

“Property development is often at the expense of low income and migrant communities. And when it comes to engaging in the David-and-Goliath-esque battle against such a threat often there isn't a clear-cut "beginning". Instead, you will be joining a long line of campaigns and organisers who have been resisting gentrification since the first rumbles of a displaced fate were felt.”

“【Caption】Market traders say they would have lost footfall had the redevelopment of the indoor Ridley Road Shopping Village had gone ahead”／“Community campaigners claimed victory this week in their attempts to save one of London's most historic markets. Ridley Road Market in Dalston has been serving Londoners since the 1880s, but it came close to being lost altogether.”

“Luxury developments and rising rents have ignited concerns about gentrification and displacement in a district that has long been a sanctuary for minority communities.”

“The latest battle on Brick Lane is over the redevelopment of the giant Truman Brewery site that sits in its middle, and where there are plans to put in a tall new office block as well as shops. Local businesses fear, with some justification, that this will mean higher rents but no more customers and the decline of the area. For years, the traders of the Latin Village have been facing the prospect of their site being torn down and rebuilt by a developer ― who originally had no plans to include their market. The developer recently pulled out, and the future of the area is now up in the air.”

“【Caption】Traders at the Latin Village market have driven out a property giant, sending a clear message that the old model of regeneration is broken”

“Through dedication and perseverance, the Save Latin Village campaign has now finally won council backing for a community plan for the site.｜The plan is a community-led, financially viable development proposal, designed around self-management by traders and local people, affordable rents, new community spaces, and reinvestment in the building and in opportunities for the local area. Rather than benefiting shareholders, surplus finances from the restored market ― estimated to total as much as £84m over 60 years ― will be channelled back into the community.”

“【Caption】After a 15-year battle, our campaign in north London has rescued a vital community hub from the hands of developers”／“The Wards Corner Community Plan is a viable and coherent answer to this question, which could offer a model for communities across the country seeking to rethink urban change. The late David Graeber ― a friend of the campaign ― once wrote: "The ultimate, hidden truth of the world is that it is something that we make, and could just as easily make differently." Perhaps nowhere is this clearer than in our cities.”

“Miss Huxley said that every day the market remains closed, the Latin American community is missing out on vital services and a safe space ― something of particular concern during the pandemic.｜She said: ‘If it wasn’t for our campaign and Latin Elephant’s campaign fighting our corner, what would have happened to the Latin American community in this time?｜‘We would’ve just been pushed further and further out. This is a process of social cleansing and gentrification.’”

“【Caption】A new development proposed by the Truman Brewery threatens to deliver a fatal blow to an East End community already weakened by Covid-19.”／“This proposal is yet another round of social cleansing of East London. Truman Brewery want to get rid of the very communities that made Brick Lane what it is today. It’s crucial ― for Brick Lane, for East London, and for all the areas staring down gentrification ― that we oppose this proposal to our fullest extent.”

“【Exordium】A space filled with sentiment and potent memories has closed its doors for possibly the last time as plans to redevelop Wards Corner become a reality. The community traders and beneficiaries of Seven Sisters’ Indoor market ― all from minority ethnic backgrounds ― have surmounted obstacles unfamiliar to most urban cities, where redevelopment projects in local areas have resultantly found working class groups priced out and displaced from the very grounds where their roots had been anchored. In the last few years leading up to this point, I found refuge in this place as a fellow Londoner and could not help but reminisce over the moments that led up to where we are today.”

“【Caption】After a long-running battle with property developers, the residents and traders of North London’s Latin Village are now being forcibly evicted.”／““Out of the rubble, Tottenham’s South American community has created a treasure trove of culture, community, love and life,” he said. “Is the purpose of redevelopment social cohesion of social cleansing? There’s still time to do the right thing.”／“The people, united, will never be defeated!” they chanted, in a struggle that is being seen across the capital. “Save Latin Village!””

■企画内で村上が提供したその他の話題

“The West Green Road / Seven Sisters Development Trust was set up in 2008 by four members of the Wards Corner Coalition to represent the shared interests of residents, businesses and groups based in and around Wards Corner.”

“One of the judges of tonight’s awards, judge Gareth Clayton said: “This campaign was very local and very effective. But fighting against issues of gentrification, loss of heritage, and more gives this campaign national significance too.””

“Yes To Fair Redevelopment was set up by local Southwark Tenants and Residents who identified a set of common issues faced by campaigns opposing plans proposed by Southwark Council's New Homes Programme.”／“The locations that are affected are local council estates and green spaces.［…］We want new council homes but any redevelopment on estates should be appropriate, fair and democratically planned with estate residents”

“【Introduction】What follows is another two parter blog post from us lot. The first part looks at the fairly recent upsurge of local estate campaigns critical of Southwark Council’s plan to infill new council homes on estate’s green spaces or estate’s amenity sites. What’s going on is chock full of contradictions and we try to unpack these in a critical and hopefully practical useful way for existing campaigns and future ones. The second part looks into the hopeless way the Council tries to ‘consult’ on these plans and why campaigns are determined to actually have a real say on what goes on in their estates. We also begin to look at how such determination to not lose green space or amenities are being falsely labelled as ‘Nimbyism’ by both the Council and by the strange cult of the emerging Yimby (Yes In My Backyard) movement.”

“【Caption】'It's affecting my health and my kids' health. I've had enough of living on a construction site.'”／“A Bermondsey woman has spoken out in horror after builders working on a controversial rooftop homes project drilled a hole in the wall of her flat near her daughter's bedroom.”

“Nunhead Estate residents protested over the weekend against a rooftop and infill development they claim is “dangerous”, saying the council is “riding roughshod” over their concerns.”／“The protestors have also complained that the council is not consulting residents effectively, with one claiming the “consultation process is completely hollow and does not feel real.｜“The council is not listening to us,” they continued.”

“Yes to Fair Development (YFR) is planning a demonstration from Waterloo to Southwark Council HQ against an “infill” policy planned by Southwark Council.”／““More and more estate residents are joining the fight for fair redevelopment. We want a real solution to the housing crisis, to protect and enhance our green spaces and play areas. Don’t destroy playgrounds and community halls. We say don’t build unsafe rooftop homes. Make life better for people living on council estates, not worse. If the Labour Council can’t figure out how to deliver that, as well as an increase in council housing, then what is, in fact, its purpose?””／“YFR was set up last year to force Southwark Council to listen to residents of several estates who face unsuitable development. Residents have won ‘pauses’ to the Council’s plans on some estates and it seems unlikely the Council will rescue all these schemes. Residents on Priory Court, Brenchley Gardens, Elim, Dodson and Amigo and Vauban estates have pushed back the council on rooftop and infill development.”

“In Southwark over the last two years there has been a lot of disquiet about where some of the promised 11,000 new council homes will be built. We’ve already posted up a long and good read on the discontents of some of Southwark Council’s plans to build as infill development on existing estates where amenities such as gardens, ball courts, playgrounds, garages and T.R.A halls have been earmarked as sites for the new homes. Several estates have formed campaigns and the umbrella group Yes To Fair Redevelopment has been crucial in sharing knowledge, support and solidarity to many of the groups concerned about loss of amenities and questions of safety all the while recognising the importance of supporting new council homes where not opposed.”

“【Caption】The council said they would provide an update on the project's status in May, but residents are still anxiously waiting.”

“【Caption】The controversial proposals would have seen hundreds homes for social rent built”／“【Introduction】Southwark Council has halted proposals for rooftop homes on all of its existing estates, which would have seen hundreds of new council flats built, writes Kit Heren and Herbie Russell…”

“【Description】Over the last 6 months, Southwark Notes and Ultra-red, alongside Latin Elephant and researchers from the University of Warwick, have been running what we call Practical Listening Sessions on various council estates and sites of prospective development in the borough. We heard from campaigns on Elmington Estate and Aylesbury Estate about long histories of tenant and resident organising against “regeneration.” We also heard from people on Nunhead Estate about their recent opposition to Council plans for Roof Top Homes on their blocks. We also hosted a walk through Peckham looking at contested sites of development like the Aylesham Shopping Centre and Peckham Arch.”

■企画内では十分に言及できなかったが重要な論点

“But the new neighborhood-based mutual-aid networks have a different dynamic compared with kinship-based ones ― and underlying tensions around gentrification can make building trust even more difficult.”／“Recognizing the patterns around gentrification and how they manifest in mutual-aid networks caused Rodriguez to start his own network during the COVID-19 crisis. He solicited funding and provided food to his mother’s apartment building.”／“DeLuca believes a successful long-term version of mutual aid would involve demanding policy changes like more tenant protections; grassroots autonomous resource-building like land trusts; establishing community funds for when someone gets hurt; and providing food through community gardens and co-ops. They point to Equality for Flatbush ― a grassroots neighborhood group that’s been organizing against gentrification, displacement, and police brutality and fighting for affordable housing for years ― as an example of a neighborhood group that has sustained the philosophy of mutual aid.”

“【Caption】Charities and councils passing on the personal data of homeless people could lead to them being forcibly removed from the UK”／“The personal data of dozens of non-British rough sleepers has been shared with the Home Office under a controversial programme that could lead to their deportation.｜Councils and homelessness charities shared the sensitive details of homeless people 85 times with the Home Office under a scheme critics describe as an attempt to embroil organisations in the government’s “hostile environment” policy.”

“Almost two-thirds of homeless Londoners living in temporary accommodation are women, according to new figures from London Councils.｜Analysis from the cross-party group, which represents all 32 London boroughs and the City of London, found that there were almost twice as many women impacted by “hidden homelessness” in the capital as there were men.”

“【Caption】The tower’s former residents will never forget the fear and chaos of 14 June 2017, or the anger and grief that followed. They talk about the night when everything changed ― and their long battles to regain some kind of normality”

“【Caption】Tottenham’s Pueblito Paisa is a home from home and a vital source of support for the capital’s Latin American community. As it faces commercial redevelopment, locals are fighting back ― through samba”

■参考